During the 40s, skin aging becomes more pronounced due to both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. The structural proteins of the dermis—collagen and elastin—continue to degrade, leading to noticeable loss of firmness, deeper wrinkles, and reduced elasticity. Sebum production decreases, making the skin drier and more prone to dullness. Additionally, cumulative sun exposure and hormonal shifts, especially in women undergoing perimenopause, can trigger pigmentation irregularities, melasma, and uneven texture.

Skincare in this decade must focus on regeneration, barrier support, and active repair. Retinoids remain the gold standard for cellular turnover and collagen stimulation. They should be complemented with potent antioxidants like Vitamin C, ferulic acid, and niacinamide to combat oxidative stress and pigmentation. Barrier-repairing agents such as ceramides, squalane, and peptides are critical to restore moisture and resilience.